NURS 1130 - W2-4: Communication & Therapeutic Relationships
40 flashcards
- Illustrators
- Actions that accompany and emphasize the meaning of the verbal message (e.g., smiling, a stern facial expression, pounding a fist on the table).
- Regulators
- A nonverbal means of communication, such as nodding, facial expression, and hand gestures to stop conversation or modify what is being said in the course of the conversation
- Adaptors
- Person-specific, repetitive, nonverbal actions that are part of a person's usual response to emotional issues. (Ex. nervous foot tapping, blush-ing, and hair twirling.)
- Proxemics
- The study of how people use and interpret personal space during communication
- Paralinguistics
- The non-verbal elements of communication that accompany spoken language and help convey meaning, emotion, and intent. These are not the actual words used, but rather how they are delivered. (Pitch, Volume, Tone, Rate, and Pauses)
- Aphasia
- A condition characterized by either partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or use written words
- Communication
- Refers to the transmission of information, whether intentional or not
- Person-centred communication
- A type of communication that values a person's culture, family, and support network in decision-making
- Therapeutic Communication
- A type of communication defined as complex interactive process in a clinical setting to achieve health-related goals
- Linear Model of Communication
- Simplest communication model with sender, receiver, message, and channel
- Transactional Model of Communication
- Defines communication as a reciprocal interaction of information exchange
- Presencing
- Refers to a nurse's focused, authentic, and empathetic "being with" a patient, rather than just "doing for" them
- Empathy
- Being emotionally attuned to the other's perspective
- Personal boundaries
- The avoiding of disclosing personal information unless beneficial to the relationship
- Nonverbal communication
- Communication not expressed in words, useful to assess emotions
- Active Listening
- Engaged listening to understand, not just to reply
- Verbal Responses
- Spoken words aiding in organizing data, exploring options, and resolving issues
- Self Awareness
- Understanding personal strengths for better communication and decisions
- Physical Behavioural Cues
- Includes illustrators, regulators, adaptors, and physical characteristics
- Open-ended questions
- Questions that encourage longer detailed responses, with more information
- Focused questions
- A short question that requires more than a yes or no, useful in emergencies
- Closed-ended questions
- Very narrowly focused questions often answered with a single answer like yes or no, useful in emergencies
- Themes
- The underlying message that is present, but not identified in the person's words alone
- Minimal Cues and Leads
- Body actions or verbal cues used in active listening responses (e.g. responses like "I see" and nonverbal signals such as nodding)
- Clarification
- A brief question or request for validation in active listening responses
- Restatement
- A therapeutic communication technique of repeating the client's main idea or key words back to them, sometimes using different wording, to show you are listening and understood their message
- Paraphrasing
- A therapeutic communication technique in which you rephrase the speaker's message using your own words to confirm your understanding and show you are actively listening
- Reflection
- A therapeutic communication technique in which the nurse restates the emotional meaning of the message in order to gain a deeper understanding, validation, and insight into their client's experience
- Summarization
- A therapeutic communication technique in which the nurse restates a client's thoughts by pulling multiple ideas and feelings together from multiple interactions
- Silence
- Brief pause in communication that allows for thought processing
- Elements of Effective Communication
- Includes not overloading patients with ideas, matching responses, plain language, focusing, presenting reality, feedback, and validation
- Humour
- Can lighten the mood and provide comfort, strengthens bonds if appropriate
- Communication Style
- Set of speech-related characteristics cueing others on how to interpret the message
- Denotation
- literal, dictionary definition of a word
- Connotation
- the emotional or cultural association of a word
- Accommodation Theory
- States people adapt their way of speaking to accommodate others, unconsciously or consciously
- Interpersonal Competence
- Nurse's ability to interact with others, including social cognitive and message competency
- Countertransference
- When something in the person activates a nurse's unconscious, unresolved feelings from previous relationships or life events
- Incongruence
- A state that occurs when verbal messages don't correspond with nonverbal messages
- Emblems
- Gestures or body motions that have common verbal interpretation (e.g. handshaking, baby waving, bye-bye, sign languange