HST 111 Week 3
122 flashcards
- Papal States
- Italian State (1/5)
- Kingdom of Naples
- Italian State (1/5)
- 1447
- Death of last visconti Ruler of Milan year
- Milan
- Francesco Sforza captured __ state and became the duke
- Visconti
- Sforza and ____ created centralized territorial state out of Milan
- Cosimo de' Medici
- Republic of Florence ruler
- 1432
- Year Cosimo de' Medici took control of Florence
- Great Schism
- Papal state cities became independent due to
- Poverty striken
- Kingdom of Naples
- Ruling families
- Independent city-states under rule of powerful:
- 1454
- Peace of Lodi signed
- Peace of Lodi
- ended almost 50 years of war, led to 40 years of peace
- Invasions
- Italian balance of power encouraged
- Ludovico Sforza
- Duke of Milan, invited french to intervene in Italian politics
- French King Charles VIII
- Occupied Kingdom of Naples
- Ferdinard of Aragon
- Spanish ruler intervening when Italian states asked for help
- 15 year
- Duration of struggle over Italy between French and Spanish
- Fracis I
- New French ruler continuing struggle over italy from 1510
- Charles I
- New Spanish ruler continuing struggle over italy from 1510
- 1527
- Sack of Rome year
- 1870
- Italians resisted unification until ___
- Medieval Ambassador
- Temporary position servant of Christendom
- Renaissance Ambassador
- Belonged to state, loyal to states political interests
- 1311-1447
- Visconti rule over Milan
- 1450-1494
- Sforza rule over Milan
- 1494
- Beginning of Italian wars
- 1513
- The Prince publication year
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- The Prince Author
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- Secretary to Florentine Council of Ten 4 years post Medici family expelled, exiled 1512 following Spanish Victory
- 1512
- Year of Niccolo Machiavelli's expulsion
- The Prince book
- Contradicted ethical concens for Prince's political activity through perception of human nature
- Studia Humanitatis
- The studies of humanity
- Petrarch, Francesco Petrarcha
- Father of Italian Renaissance Humanism, lawyer, characterized middle ages as period of darkness due to mistakenly perceived dismissal of classical antiquity
- Civic humanism
- Florentine humanist movement tied to florentine spirit and pride
- Cicero
- Model for prose
- Virgil
- Model for poetry
- Rebirth
- Renaissance meaning
- The Elegances of the Latin language
- book examining use of classical latin
- Leonardo Bruni
- author of The Elegances of the Latin Language
- 15
- Increasing interest in Plato began in the 2nd half of the _th C
- Florentine Platonic Academy
- Discussion group for the works of plato
- Cosimo de'Medici
- Sponser of Florentine Platonic Academy
- Plant, human, god
- Neoplatonic hierarchy of substances
- Theory of spiritual love
- All people bound and universe bound in common by love
- Hermeticism
- Manuscripts, view of endowed humans with divine power, chose to enter material world and can become sages or majo through purification of soul
- Pantheism
- Seeing divinity in nature
- Liberal studies
- Core of renaissance education
- Concerning character
- treatise on education by pietro paolo vergerio stressing liberal arts as key to freedom and potential
- critical thining, miracles
- Humanists secularized writing of history through _ and reducing role of _
- 1445-1450
- Printing press european introduction
- 1455/6
- First printed book
- Realism
- Renaissance art goal
- Giotto
- First realism pursuing artist
- Masaccio
- Second realism pursuing artist
- Brancacci chapel Frescoes
- First masterpiece of early renaissance art
- Donato di Donatello
- Renaissance sculture, copied statues of antiquity of rome and worked out of florence
- Brunelleschi
- Finished Duomo roof, friend of donatello
- high renaissance
- Advancing beyond realism, realistic portrayal of idead form
- Rome
- Artistic high renaissance marked by increasing importance of _ as new culural centre of italian renaissance
- 1480-1520
- Final stage of renaissance art years
- 15
- Artists reputation shifted from artisans to respectable creative genius by end of _th C
- Dark age
- Middle ages characterized as
- Lack of classical culture
- middle ages characterized as dark ages due to
- commerce and politics
- Northern italy prominent due to
- Hansa
- 13th C North German commercial and military association
- Lubeck
- Leading city of hansa, major trade centre for Northern Europe
- Hansa's monopoly
- Timber, fish, grain, metal, honey, wine
- Flanders
- Southern outlet of Hansa, meeting place, economic crossroads
- 15 C
- End of Hansa
- competition
- Reason Hansa ended
- 16 C
- Italy didn't suffer economically until
- Woolen
- Depression effection Flanders and Northern Italy's __ industries
- 15 C
- Florentine regained banking prominence in __
- Medici family
- Reason for Florentine regaining banking prominence
- Medici family
- bankers, cloth production, commerce, real estate, had controlling interests in other industries
- Poor leadership and bad loans
- Reason for Medici leadership decline
- 1494
- Collapse of Medici Financial Edifice
- 2-3
- % of population were nobles
- Baldassare Castilione
- Author of the Book of the Courtier
- 1528
- The book of the courtier publishing year
- 85-90%
- Percentage of population outside of Northern Italy and Flanders that were peasants and citizens
- Serfdom
- Agricultural workers bound to work land owned by landlord
- Patricians
- 1st in urban chain, wealthy from trade, industry banking
- Propertyless workers
- 3rd in urban chain, low wages or unemployed, poor QOL
- Slaves
- 4th in urban chain
- 11 C
- Slavery had mostly been eliminated from Europe by _____ until re-emergence
- Italians
- Slavery was reintroduced by __ post labour decrease due to deaths from Black death
- Formally freed them before a judge
- Father's had authority over children till death or till he__
- 10%
- Up to __ women died in Childbirth
- 16-18
- Average age of female to marry
- 30s-40s
- Average age of men to marry
- Duchy of Milan
- Italian State (1/5)
- Republic of Venice
- Italian State (1/5)
- Republic of Florence
- Italian State (1/5)
- Singular
- Big states ruler or monarch
- Princes, dukes
- City states owner
- moral philosophy
- inherent sinful condition of human nature
- 1396
- Ottomans conquered Bulgaria
- 1389
- Ottomans conquered Serbia
- Anatolia
- Ottoman turks expanded from
- 13-15 C
- Byzantine empire conquered from
- 1453
- Conquest of constantinople
- 1054
- Eastern Church in constantinople split from Roman Catholic Church
- Papal power
- Reason for Great schism
- Manuel Chrysolaras
- Byzantine scholar went on mission to venice in 1390s, stayed in italian city-states teaching
- Basil Bessarion
- Byzantine scholar who wanted to unify East and West Church's against ottoman conquest
- Pisa
- _ was conquered by florence
- 1406
- Pisa was conquered by Florence in
- Meritocracy
- trait of earning power and merit
- Medieval learning
- Theology, medicine, canon law
- Scholasticism
- method of writing and teaching using defense of thesis and proof, hated by humanists
- Neoplatonism
- learning about platos works
- humanism
- Originally classical study outside Church theology
- civic humanism
- How to be a good citizen in city state and contribute
- Leon battista Alberti
- On the family, on painting author, views of marriage as unit to promote civic state
- Marsilio Ficino
- Neoplatonist
- Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola
- author of Oration on the Dignity of Man, 900 Thesis, Conclusion
- Oration on the dignity of man
- Presents positive view on humans as choice to chose to fashion onself to rational faculty
- Courtier
- military officer mostly drawn from noble class. advisory and court life of prince
- Medieval art purpose
- inspire piety
- Renaissance art purpose
- represent christian and classical ideas, spirituality, humanism, neoplatonism.
- Petty Burghers
- 2nd in urban trade, shopkeepers, artisans