Heart Failure and Afib Class 20261(1)

38 flashcards

Management of comorbid conditions including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes is necessary in treating atrial fibrillation.: comorbid conditions
In left-sided heart failure, blood backs up into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema.: pulmonary edema
Digoxin increases cardiac contractility by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase, which raises intracellular calcium and strengthens contraction.: sodium-potassium ATPase
What stimulus causes B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) to be released?: Increased pressure and stretched heart tissue
How frequently should regular exercise be performed for managing atrial fibrillation?: On most or all days of the week, at a level appropriate for the individual patient
Which substances should be avoided in atrial fibrillation management if they trigger symptoms?: Alcohol, caffeine, and stimulants
What smoking-related exposure should be avoided in the management of atrial fibrillation?: Smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke
Why is stress management important for patients with atrial fibrillation?: Stress can damage the heart in patients with atrial fibrillation
Why is maintaining a healthy weight important in the management of atrial fibrillation?: A healthy weight reduces the cardiac workload and helps control atrial fibrillation
In heart failure patients, daily weight monitoring should prompt a report to the physician if weight gain exceeds 2 kilograms within 2 days, as an indicator of fluid status changes.: 2 kilograms within 2 days
Fluid intake for heart failure patients should be restricted to 1.5 to 2 liters per day.: 1.5 to 2 liters
Why should heart failure patients avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs while taking their prescribed medications?: NSAIDs can worsen heart failure and interfere with the effectiveness of heart failure medications.
Heart failure patients should perform moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 30 to 45 minutes at least 3 times per week.: 30 to 45 minutes, 3 times per week
Heparin IV infusion in acute heart failure is titrated according to partial thromboplastin time (PTT) levels, with infusion rate increased if PTT is too low and decreased if PTT is too high.: partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
The Mediterranean diet, consisting of whole grains, plant-based foods, lean meats, and unsaturated fats, is recommended for heart failure patients.: Mediterranean diet
Alcohol consumption in heart failure should be limited to a maximum of one drink per day.: one drink per day
Why is heparin used to bridge patients onto warfarin in anticoagulation therapy?: Warfarin requires approximately 5 days to reach peak anticoagulant effect, so fast-acting heparin provides immediate anticoagulation during this transition period.
Loss of the atrial kick in atrial fibrillation results in approximately 30% reduction in cardiac output.: 30%
How can sustained fast and irregular heart rates in atrial fibrillation lead to heart failure?: They can cause tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy and subsequent heart failure with fluid retention
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is used in heart failure patients at increased risk for sudden cardiac death from lethal arrhythmias.: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
What is the minimum heart rate threshold below which beta blockers should be held in a patient with atrial fibrillation?: 50 beats per minute
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an electrical device resembling a pacemaker with extra leads that synchronizes ventricular contractions to improve cardiac output.: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
Atrial fibrillation is classified into three types: paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent.: paroxysmal, persistent, permanent
What factors influence the likelihood of remaining in sinus rhythm after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation?: The duration of atrial fibrillation and the size of the atrium
Why are ACE inhibitors and ARBs considered the cornerstone of heart failure therapy?: They have been proven to slow disease progression and improve survival
Reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) is characterized by systolic dysfunction with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40 percent.: systolic dysfunction
Preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction with left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 50 percent.: diastolic dysfunction
How do beta-adrenergic blockers such as carvedilol and metoprolol improve outcomes in heart failure?: They block the sympathetic nervous system, slowing disease progression and improving survival
Digoxin toxicity occurs at serum levels above 2.0 ng/ml, while therapeutic levels range from 0.5-1.5 ng/ml.: 2.0 ng/ml, 0.5-1.5 ng/ml
What does preload represent in cardiac physiology?: The degree of myocardial distension prior to shortening, determined by end-diastolic filling volumes
In cardiac function, what is afterload?: The vascular resistance against which the heart pumps
What fraction of all strokes are attributable to atrial fibrillation?: Approximately 20%
In a patient with heart failure and ejection fraction below 30% despite medical optimization, which device-based therapy is indicated to prevent sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia?: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Under what condition regarding arrhythmia duration can electrical cardioversion be attempted without prior anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation?: Duration less than 48 hours
Why must serum potassium levels be checked before administering digoxin?: Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
Sodium intake for heart failure patients should be limited to less than 2 grams per day.: 2 grams per day
Heart failure patients should receive annual influenza vaccination as a preventive measure.: annual influenza vaccination
In a patient with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion, does a longer duration of AF make it more or less likely they will maintain sinus rhythm afterward?: Less likely — longer duration is associated with failure to maintain sinus rhythm