chp 1 quizledt

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Head Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Head = Cranium

Kinetic Chain

a series of connected rigid links, which in the human body are the segments of the extremities

Closed Kinetic Chain

occurs when the distal segment is fixed (closed), providing stabilization at the distal end of the kinetic chain and the proximal segment(s) is free to move

Open Kinetic Chain

occurs when the distal segment is not fixed (open) and the proximal segment is fixed

Sagittal Plane

passes through the body vertically from anterior to posterior (or vice versa), dividing the body into right and left portions

Frontal Plane (or Coronal Plane)

passes through the body vertically from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Horizontal Plane (or Transverse Plane) Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

passes through the body horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Sagittal Axis

Sagittal Axis = Anterior-Posterior Axis a line that passes through a joint from anterior to posterior (or vice versa)

Frontal Axis

Frontal Axis = Medial-Lateral Axis a line that passes through a joint from side to side

Vertical Axis Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Vertical Axis = Longitudinal Axis a line that passes through a joint from superior to inferior (or vice versa)

Osteokinematic Movements

active or passive movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation

Flexion

occurs within a sagittal plane and about a frontal axis, is movement of one limb segment on another about a joint axis, bringing two anterior limb segment surfaces toward each other

Extension

occurs within a sagittal plane and about a frontal axis, is movement of one limb segment on another about a joint axis, moving the anterior limb segment surfaces away from each other

Hyperextension Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

extension of a joint beyond its nonpathological (expected normal, without injury or disease) extension range of motion

Abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

movement toward the midline

Horizontal Abduction

occurs in a horizontal plane and about a vertical axis, when the shoulder has been abducted initially and the shoulder moves laterally

Horizontal Adduction Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

occurs in a horizontal plane and about a vertical axis, when the shoulder has been abducted initially and the shoulder moves medially

Radial Deviation

when the hand moves laterally, or toward the radial/thumb side of the hand

Ulnar Deviation

when the hand moves medially, or toward the ulnar/little finger side of the hand

Lateral Flexion Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

when the trunk bends to the side, moving the shoulder toward the ipsilateral hip

Medial Rotation

Medial Rotation = Internal Rotation occurs when the anterior surface of a limb segment turns toward the midline

Lateral Rotation

Lateral Rotation = External Rotation occurs when the anterior surface of a limb segment turns away from the midline

Supination

rotation of the forearm, when the forearm is in the anatomical position

Pronation Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

rotation of the forearm, when the palm is oriented posteriorly

Circumduction

a triplanar movement, producing a circular, cone-shaped pattern in which distal segments move through larger arcs of movement than proximal segments

Inversion

moving the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces medially

Eversion Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

moving the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces laterally

Opposition

movement of the thumb such that the pad of the thumb faces the pads of the other four fingers

Reposition

movement that returns the thumb to the anatomical position

Scapular Protraction

movement of the scapula laterally along the posterior chest wall

Scapular Retraction Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

movement of the scapula medially along the posterior chest wall

Scapular Elevation

movement of the scapula superiorly along the posterior chest wall

Scapular Depression

movement of the scapula inferiorly along the posterior chest wall

Range of Motion (ROM)

the amount of movement a joint can move in any of its possible directions, and is measured using a goniometer

Using anatomical descriptive terminology, complete the following: a. The sternum is __________ to the spine.

Anterior

Kinesiology

the study of movement through the application of anatomy, physiology, physics, and mechanics

Using anatomical descriptive terminology, complete the following: b. The heel is on the __________ portion of the foot.

Posterior

Using anatomical descriptive terminology, complete the following: Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition, c. The thigh is ________ to the pelvis and ________ to the leg.

Distal, Proximal

Using anatomical descriptive terminology, complete the following: d. The shoulder girdle is ________ to the pelvis and ________ to the head.

Superior, Inferior

Using the left hand to touch the: a. Left knee is using the __________ extremity.

Ipsilateral

Using the left hand to touch the: b. Right knee is using the __________ extremity.

Contalateral

Sitting in a chair with the feet supported while playing catch: a. The upper extremities are in a(n) __________ kinetic chain.

Open

Sitting in a chair with the feet supported while playing catch: b. The lower extremities are in a(n) __________ kinetic chain.

Closed

Osteokinematic movements occur within a plane and about an axis, and are described based on the ________ ________.

Anatomical position

With few exceptions, osteokinematic movements, such as flexion, occur Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition, within the same plane about the same axis at all joints. True or False?

True

Which osteokinematic movement(s) occur(s) with the following planes? a. Sagittal plane: __________

Flexion and extension

Which osteokinematic movement(s) occur(s) with the following planes? b. Frontal plane: __________

Abduction and adduction

Which osteokinematic movement(s) occur(s) with the following planes? c. Horizontal plane: __________

Rotation

A joint that can flex/extend, abduct/adduct, and rotate has __________ degrees of freedom.

Three (3)

When rising from a sitting position, the hip and knee are performing: a. The osteokinematic movement of __________.

Extension

When rising from a sitting position, the hip and knee are performing: b. Within the __________ plane.

Sagittal

When rising from a sitting position, the hip and knee are performing: c. About the __________ axis. Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

Frontal

When rising from a sitting position, the hip and knee are performing: d. A(n) __________ kinetic chain activity.

Closed

Lying supine, position the arms so they form a right angle with the trunk. The osteokinematic movement performed to achieve this position of the shoulder is __________.

Abduction

Often, several terms can be used to describe the same thing. Match the following terms. __ Posterior and anterior A. Proximal and distal Superior and inferior B. Internal rotation Medial rotation C. Head and tail __ Cranial and caudal D. Dorsal and ventral

Posterior and anterior D. Dorsal and ventral Superior and inferior A. Proximal and distal Medial rotation B. Internal rotation Cranial and caudal C. Head and tail

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

occurs when muscles contract to move joints through a range of motion

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

occurs when muscles are not contracting, and an external force moves a joint through its range of motion

Nonpathological

expected normal, without injury or disease

Biomechanics

the term used when applying the more general term mechanics (the study of forces exerted on an object) to the study of human movement

Kinematics

the branch of mechanics describing the movement of a body. without consideration of the forces or torques producing that movement OR how two objects move relative to each other without consideration of the forces that influence movement

Osteokinematics

the movement of bones in space about a joint axis, examples include flexion and extension

Arthrokinematics

the movement of bone surfaces during joint movement, examples include roll and glide

Kinetics

the branch of mechanics describing how forces and torques affect the body

Anatomical Position Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

standardized position of the human body standing in an upright position, eyes level and facing forward, feet parallel and close together, and arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward

Medial

a location or position toward the midline

Lateral

a location or position farther from the midline

Anterior

the front of the body OR a position closer to the front

Posterior

the back of the body OR a position closer to the back

Ventral

a synonym of anterior Anterior: the front of the body OR a position closer to the front

Dorsal

a synonym of posterior Posterior: the back of the body OR a position closer to the back

Distal

away from the trunk

Proximal

toward the trunk

Superior Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

indicates a body part is above another OR refers to the upper surface of an organ or a structure

Inferior

indicates a body part is below another OR refers to the lower surface of an organ or structure

Cranial (or Cephalad)

refers to a position or structure closer to the head

Caudal

refers to a position or structure closer to the feet

Superficial (or Deep)

refers to the relative depth from the surface of the body

Supine

when the body is lying in a horizontal position, the anterior surface of the body faces upward, and the posterior surface of the body is in contact with a supporting surface

Prone Chapter 1, Basic Information - Clinical Kinesiology & Anatomy, 7th Edition,

when the body is lying in a horizontal position, the anterior surface of the body faces downward, in contact with a supporting surface, and the posterior surface of the body faces upward

Bilateral

refers to two or both sides

Contralateral

refers to the opposite side

Ipsilateral

refers to the same side of the body

Arm

the bone (humerus) between the shoulder and the elbow joint

Forearm

the bones (radius and ulna) between the elbow and the wrist

Hand

distal to the wrist

Thigh

the bone (femur) between the hip and knee joints

Leg

the bones (tibia and fibula) between the knee and ankle joints

Foot

distal to the ankle

Thorax

Thorax = Chest made up primarily of the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae

Abdomen

Abdomen = Lower Trunk made up primarily of the pelvis, internal organs, and lumbar vertebrae

Neck

Neck = Cervical Vertebrae